Abstract: Access to good-quality health services is crucial for the improvement of many health outcomes, such as those targeted by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by the international community in 2000. The health-related MDGs cannot be achieved if vulnerable populations do not have access to skilled personnel and to other necessary inputs. This paper focuses on the geographical dimension of access and on one of its critical determinants: the availability of qualified personnel. The objective of this paper is to offer a better understanding of the determinants of geographical imbalances in the distribution of health personnel, and to identify and assess the strategies developed to correct them. It reviews the recent literature on determinants, barriers and the effects of strategies that attempted to correct geographical imbalances, with a focus on empirical studies from developing and developed countries. An analysis of determinants of success and failures of strategies implemented, and a summary of lessons learnt, is included.

 Deep Structure;  universal grammar;  semantics;  emergent theory;  generative grammar;  GIS;  NRBIB: YOSE-0009 MANAGEMENT restoration Merced, Tuolumne Grove, Yosemite National Park, CA;  PLANT STUDIES ECOLOGY land management ecology native american;  ECOLOGY paleoclimates fire history paleoecology;  NRBIB: YOSE-2436 ANIMAL STUDIES birds (Aves) frogs & toads (Salientia) alpine zone lakes & ponds Yosemite National Park, CA;  ANIMAL STUDIES Non-native species fish bird communities habitat;  NRBIB: YOSE-0007 PLANT STUDIES distribution Yosemite woollysunflower (Eriophyllum nubigenum) Yosemite National Park, CA;  AQUATIC SCIENCES ECOLOGY algae study benthic invertebrates ecological survey Yosemite Valley water quality environment conditions;  PHYSICAL SCIENCES communication electromagnetic signals dipole;  NRBIB: YOSE-0003 ANIMAL STUDIES insects (Insecta) checklist Yosemite National Park, CA;  NRBIB: YOSE-0415 PHYSICAL SCIENCES bedrock geology map Yosemite National Park, CA;  NRBIB: YOSE-0169 ANIMAL STUDIES reintroduction (species) population dynamics mortality bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) Yosemite National Park, CA;  PLANT STUDIES MANAGEMENT woodlitter firewood consumption Sierra Nevada;  ANIMAL STUDIES landbirds survival avian productivity MAPS monitoring neotropical migrants Yosemite National Park survivorship;  MANAGEMENT fishing regulations;  ECOLOGY MANAGEMENT grazing game introductions wildlands management habitat non-indigenous game species public lands;  ANIMAL STUDIES amphibian declines frog toad salamander survey Yosemite National Park, CA;  ANIMAL STUDIES amphibians (Amphibia) frogs & toads (Salientia) mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa) Yosemite toad (Bufo canorus) Yosemite National Park, CA western toad (Bufo boreas) California newt (Taricha torosa) bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana);  ANIMAL STUDIES amphibian declines survey protocol frog toad salamander;  NRBIB: YOSE-0889 NRBIB: LAVO- NRBIB: SEKI-3218 NRBIB: PORE-2315 NRBIB: REDW- ANIMAL STUDIES habitats northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) Yosemite National Park, CA Lassen Volcanic National Park, CA Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, CA;  PLANT STUDIES ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES climatic variation tree ring chronology dendroclimatic Yosemite National Park, CA;  PLANT STUDIES Whitebark pine Gibbs krummholz treeline subalpine vegetation stem layering;  Sensor fusion;  none;  gen raster;  hierarchical data structures;  human resources;  

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