| |  | Brown, Theodore M. | The World Health Organization and the Transition From “International” to “Global” Public Health read moreAbstract: The term “global health” is rapidly replacing the older terminology of “international health.” We describe the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in both international and global health and in the transition from one to the other. We suggest that the term “global health” emerged as part of larger political and historical processes, in which WHO found its dominant role challenged and began to reposition itself within a shifting set of power alliances.
Between 1948 and 1998, WHO moved from being the unquestioned leader of international health to being an organization in crisis, facing budget shortfalls and diminished status, especially given the growing influence of new and powerful players. We argue that WHO began to refashion itself as the coordinator, strategic planner, and leader of global health initiatives as a strategy of survival in response to this transformed international political context. | 2006 |
| | | Obando-Ante, Leidy M. | Discapacidad en población desplazada en el Cauca, Colombia read moreAbstract: OBJECTIVE: Estimating the prevalence of disability in a displaced Colombian population. METHODS: A descriptive prevalence study was carried out amongst 165 displaced families in the city of Popayán, Cauca, Colombia between June and December 2003. The information was collected via a questionnaire regarding socio-demographic and biological variables. RESULTS: There was 8.5 % disability in the population being studied. Regarding the type of disability 5.6 %, 0.7 % and 1.2 % prevalence was found for physical, sensory and mental disability, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Being disabled, added to that of being displaced, has become a public health problem as it affects a large group of individuals and families and also has a negative impact on society by affecting the productivity and development of human resources. | 2006 |
| | | Starfield, Barbara | Atención primaria y responsabilidades de salud pública en seis países de Europa y América del Norte: un estudio piloto read moreAbstract: Background: Rapidly occurring changes within the health care systems are creating an opportunity to re-orient the relationships between their different sectors. In order to know the locus of responsibility for various types of preventive activities, we undertook an inquiry on eight areas in six countries from Europe and North America. Methods: An inquiry among experts based on a matrix which arrayed the type of preventive health services against the target population. Eight clinical conditions were identified (childhood immunizations; adult influenza vaccination; mammography screening, tuberculosis screening, hypertension screening, PKU screening, HIV screening, and osteoporosis testing) trying to know their target population and the locus of responsibility for setting of policy, level to contact individuals for testing, follow-up of people with abnormal tests and maintenance of their medical records. Results: This pilot study showed very little results coincidence either within the eight surveyed areas or across them. There was no regular pattern for the preventive activities studied among the different countries, neither according to the type of health system, nor to the primary health care orientation of the different systems. Conclusions: There was a limited consensus in the activities studied concerning the best mode of doing public health interventions for personal health services. | 2004 |
| | | Jiménez Buñuales, M. | La clasificación internacional del funcionamiento de la discapacidad y de la salud (CIF) 2001 read moreAbstract: The approach which had been being employed to date for dealing with and classifying those aspects related to health and disability have been revised and updated thanks to the World Health Organization (WHO) having drafted the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, which has now been accepted 191 countries after revamping the prior model and reaching a consensus regarding a new international model for describing and measuring health and disability. As background information, it must be recalled that the Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (CIDH) previously in effect was first published by the WHO in 1980. The process of revising this classification has resulted in some changes of far-reaching importance. The change in the name has been aimed at reflecting the wish to replace the negative perspective of impairments, disabilities and handicaps for a more neutral view of structure and function, considering the positive perspectives of activities and of participation. Another new aspect has been that of including a section related to environmental factors in recognition of their importance, given that by interacting with the health condition they may give rise to a disability, or, at the opposite end of the scale, may restore functioning. The data available has enabled the WHO make estimates including that of some 500 million years of life being lost annually due to disabilities related to health problems, which totals over one half of the years lost annually due to premature deaths. The main objective of this new classification is that of providing the conceptual framework by means of unified, standardized language with a view to of the underlying challenges, setting out a valuable instrument of practical use in public health. | 2002 |
| | | Campos, Gastão W. | Saúde pública e saúde coletiva: campo e núcleo de saberes e práticas read moreAbstract: O artigo discute o campo e o núcleo de saberes e de práticas da saúde coletiva a partir de um metodologia dialética, pensando-a para além do positivismo e do estruturalismo e fazendo uma crítica à sua tendência de assumir posição de transcendência sobre o campo da saúde. A partir dessa análise são elaboradas sugestões para debate, relacionadas centralmente com saúde coletiva entendida como construção sociohistórica de sujeitos concretos. | 2000 |
| | | Campos, Gastão W. | Equipes de referência e apoio especializado matricial: um ensaio sobre a reorganização do trabalho em saúde read moreAbstract: Este artigo propõe um novo arranjo organizacional para o trabalho em saúde. É desenvolvido e ampliado o conceito de equipe de referência - proposto e experimentado pelo autor desde 1989. É também reelaborado o conceito de organização matricial do trabalho, invertendo-se em relação ao esquema original o que seria permanente e aquilo que seria transitório (recorte matricial) nos serviços de saúde. São também apresentadas considerações teóricas que autorizam e justificam a construção desta nova proposta. | 1999 |
| | | Monteiro, L. A. | Florence Nightingale on public health nursing read moreAbstract: Florence Nightingale, in addition to her role in initiating nursing education programs, was also involved in developing nursing for the sick poor at home and in workhouses through her work for poor law and workhouse reform of the 1860s. Her writings on public health nursing--11 items that were written during a space of more than 30 years--emphasize the need for special training for public health nurses, the importance of sanitation and disease prevention through the nurses teaching of the sick poor, and the demoralizing nature of poverty and pauperization. | 1985 |
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