events

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 events;  time reasoning;  

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 events;  

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 time representation;  events;  

Abstract: Ontology is a significant research theme in GIScience. While some researchers believe that the progress in GIScience is being directed through an engagement with the concept of ontology, some dismiss it as irrelevant. This paper is aimed at (i) exploring the theoretical and practical roles of ontologies; (ii) making the definitions and terminology explicit; (iii) assessing the applicability of ontology to problems in the geographical domain; and (iv) assessing whether a unified approach to ontology exists in GIScience. The results will be helpful for GIScientists in (i) understanding the validity of employing ontology within their own work, (ii) assessing what operational framework of terms and methods to use for developing their own ontology, and (iii) to assess what existing ontological models are available and applicable within their domain or application. A comprehensive and critical review will also help in identifying the signficant issues and directing future research agenda in GIScience.

 ontology;  Ontologies;  events;  geog 597 I;  

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 ontology;  events;  

Abstract: Multiple representation of geographic information occurs when a real-world entity is represented more than once in the same or different databases. This occurs frequently in practice, and it invariably results in the occurrence of inconsistencies among the different representations of the same entity. In this paper, we propose an approach to the modeling of multiple represented entities, which is based on the relationships among the entities and their representations. Central to our approach is the Multiple Representation Schema Language that, by intuitive and declarative means, is used to specify rules that match objects representing the same entity, maintain consistency among these representations, and restore consistency if necessary. The rules configure a Multiple Representation Management System, the aim of which is to manage multiple representations over a number of autonomous federated databases. We present a graphical and a lexical binding to the schema language. The graphical binding is built on an extension to the Unified Modeling Language and the Object Constraint Language. We demonstrate that it is possible to implement the constructs of the schema language in the object-relational model of a commercial RDBMS.

 Geography;  spatial representation;  time representation;  events;  multirepresentation;  

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 time representation;  events;  

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 ontology;  Knowledge Representation;  events;  qualitative reasoning;  

Abstract: This paper is about the information-theoretic foundations upon which useful explanatory and predictive models of dynamic geographic phenomena can be based. It traces the development over the last decade or so of these foundations, from sequences of temporal snapshots, through object life histories, to event chronicles. A crucial ontological distinction is drawn between “things” and “happenings”, that is between continuant and occurrent entities. Most of the work up to now has focused on representing the evolution through time of geographic things, whether objects or fields. This paper argues that happenings should be upgraded to an equal status with things in dynamic geographic representations, and suggests ways of doing this. The main research focus of the paper is the application of an algebraic approach, previously developed mainly in the context of computational processes, to real-world happenings. It develops a pure process theory of space and time, and demonstrates its applicability by providing an example of the representation of motion of a vehicle through a region. The paper concludes by noting some of the requirements for scaling this approach to real-world dynamic scenarios, such as might be found, for example, in the automation of coordination of disaster relief.

 spatiotemporal;  time representation;  events;  time language;  spatio-temporal query language;  algebra;  event;  process;  logic;  Dynamic Ontology;  

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 ontology;  time representation;  events;  

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 events;  time language;  

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 time representation;  events;  

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 time visualization;  time representation;  events;  

Abstract: We propose a modular ontology of the dynamic features of reality. This amounts, on the one hand, to a purely spatial ontology supporting snapshot views of the world at successive instants of time and, on the other hand, to a purely spatiotemporal ontology of change and process. We argue that dynamic spatial ontology must combine these two distinct types of inventory of the entities and relationships in reality, and we provide characterizations of spatiotemporal reasoning in the light of the interconnections between them.

 ontology;  endurants;  time representation;  events;  Basic Formal Ontology;  continunant;  Dynamic Ontology;  

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 time representation;  events;  

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 time representation;  events;  

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 time space data models;  time representation;  events;  time data modelling;  

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 events;  

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 events;  

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 events;  time indexing;  

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 time representation;  events;  multirepresentation;  

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 time representation;  events;  object-based representation;  multirepresentation;  

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 events;  

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 time representation;  events;  

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 time representation;  events;  time language;  object-based representation;  

Abstract: The criminal event has five dimensions: space, time, law, offender, and target or victim. These five components are necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a crime. However, criminological research has typically focused on one or two dimensions instead of analyzing all the dimensions simultaneously. This paper introduces a theoretical framework to deal with multiple dimensions of the complex crime phenomenon. Using the concept of metric spaces, the notion of distance and topology are introduced in the space of criminal events. This mathematical technique allows one to consider clustered events simultaneously in space, in time, law and other dimensions. It describes how crime clusters form ‘hot spots’ in the spatial dimension as well as ‘burning times’ in the temporal space and ‘stinging laws’ among the thousands of statutes. The paper illustrates these ideas with different kinds of metric spaces and provides a unifying framework for analyzing criminal events. The mathematical representation presented in this work also allows different ways of visualizing and analyzing the criminal events and associated patterns that transcend the spatial boundaries of crime. This mathematics enables deeper insight into the complex question of crime and its distribution.

 events;  

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 events;  

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 time representation;  events;  

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 data models;  time representation;  events;  

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 events;  time GIS;  

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 events;  time dbms;  time query language;  abstract data types;  algebra;  moving objects;  moving point;  moving region;  spatio-temporal databases;  spatio-temporal data types;  

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 events;  time data modelling;  

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 events;  time GIS;  

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 events;  

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 time space data models;  events;  

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 events;  temporal reasoning;  

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 time visualization;  events;  event visulization;